The human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the most commonly sexually transmitted infections. It is estimated that most sexually active people will come into contact with one of the more than 200 viruses that make up this group at some point in their lives.
However, despite its high prevalence, HPV is still surrounded by misinformation and misconceptions. Understanding what is true and what is not is important for making informed decisions about sexual and reproductive health. For this reason, we debunk some of the most widespread myths about HPV and the reality behind them.
❌ HPV only affects women
Although its impact on women's health, especially due to its link to cervical cancer, is widely known, the truth is that the virus also affects men.
Men can carry the virus, transmit it, and in some cases develop related conditions.
❌ "If I don't have symptoms, I don't have HPV"
Most HPV infections are asymptomatic, meaning they can go unnoticed for years. During that time, a person can transmit the virus without knowing it.
This characteristic makes regular gynecological check-ups and screening tests a key tool for controlling the virus.
❌ Condoms completely prevent transmission
Using condoms is essential for preventing sexually transmitted infections. However, in the case of HPV, protection is not absolute.
This virus is mainly transmitted through direct skin-to-skin contact, which means infection can occur through areas not covered by a condom. Even so, there use significantly reduces the risk and remains an essential protective measure.
❌ HPV causes cancer
Although it is often automatically associated with cancer, the truth is that there are many types of HPV, and only some (known as high-risk types) are linked to the development of cancer, especially cervical cancer.
Furthermore, in about 90% of cases, the immune system clears the infection on its own. Proper medical follow-up is key to detecting any potential abnormalities early.
❌ HPV can prevent pregnancy
In most cases, the presence of the virus does not prevent pregnancy or directly affect fertility. However, each situation should be evaluated individually, especially in assisted reproduction contexts, where medical supervision allows treatment to be tailored to each patient.
❌ The risk of contracting HPV is higher if you frequently change partners
There is a mistaken belief linking HPV to certain sexual behaviors. However, it is an extremely common virus that can be contracted from a single encounter.
These types of beliefs contribute to stigma and guilt, when in reality HPV is part of the broader reality of sexual health in the general population.
❌ "If I already have HPV, the vaccine is useless"
Although it does not eliminate an existing infection, the vaccine can protect against other types of HPV to which a person has not yet been exposed. Therefore, in many cases, it may still be recommended based on medical advice.